demo · v140

Bidi Text Integration

Real Arabic prose with embedded MathML. Toggle the document direction to see operators flip: < mirrors to >, the integral contour reverses, arrows turn around. The math finally reads naturally inside right-to-left text.

container dir: rtl | html dir attribute: <div dir="rtl">

1 — inequality in Arabic algebra textbook format إذا كان

س < 10

، فإن

س + 5 < 15

< mirrors to > in RTL

2 — integral in an Arabic physics formula الشغل المبذول هو

W = \oint_{a}^{b} F (x) d x

حيث

F \to 0

∮ contour mirrors in RTL

3 — fraction with arrows in Hebrew mathematical notation אם

\frac{a \to b}{c \leftarrow d} = 1

אזי

a \div c = b \div d

→ mirrors; ÷ does not

Operator mirror table

Not all MathML operators mirror in RTL. The table below lists which do and which are direction-neutral.

Operator	Unicode	LTR form	RTL form	Mirrors?
Less than	U+003C	$<$	$<$	Yes — mirrors to >
Greater than	U+003E	$>$	$>$	Yes — mirrors to <
Right arrow	U+2192	$\to$	$\to$	Yes — mirrors to ←
Contour integral	U+222E	$\oint$	$\oint$	Yes — reverses winding
Division sign	U+00F7	$\div$	$\div$	No — symmetric
Plus	U+002B	$+$	$+$	No — symmetric
Equals	U+003D	$=$	$=$	No — symmetric
Integral	U+222B	$\int$	$\int$	Yes — slant reverses

<!-- Surrounding HTML sets context -->
<p dir="rtl">
  <span lang="ar">إذا كان</span>

  <!-- MathML inherits dir from the nearest dir="" ancestor -->
  <math>
    <mi>س</mi><mo><</mo><mn>10</mn>
  </math>

  <!-- Or set dir on math explicitly -->
  <math dir="rtl">
    <msubsup><mo>&#x222E;</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi></msubsup>
  </math>
</p>

Operator mirror table

see also